Protectionism refers to the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. Common examples of protectionism, or tools that are used to implement a policy of protectionism include tariffs, embargoes, quotas, and subsidies.

Imagine two possible worlds. In world 1, 25% of people live a very high quality of life and 75% of people live a very low quality of life. In world 2, everyone has a low quality of life.

Representative democracy is a form of democracy whereby people vote for representatives who then represent their issues in government. Direct democracy is a system by which all citizens may vote directly on all laws in the country.

In 49BC, the general Julius Caesar attempted to return from a successful campaign in Gaul to Rome. The Roman Senate, fearing Caesar’s popularity with his army and the people, issued an ultimatum that Caesar was to not cross the border marked by the River Rubicon, else he would be named a traitor and spark a civil war.